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LPIC3-306 Exam Syllabus 2021 |
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| WEIGHT |
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361 High Availability Cluster Management |
| 13 |
362 High Availability Cluster Storage |
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363 High Availability Distributed Storage |
| 12 |
364 Single Node High Availability |
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| 22 |
361 High Availability Cluster Management |
| 6 |
351.1 Virtualization Concepts and Theory |
| 8 |
361.2 Load Balanced Clusters |
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361.3 Failover Clusters |
| 13 |
362 High Availability Cluster Storage |
| 6 |
362.1 DRBD |
| 3 |
362.2 Cluster Storage Access |
| 4 |
352.4 Container Orchestration Platforms |
| 13 |
363 High Availability Distributed Storage |
| 5 |
363.1 GlusterFS Storage Clusters |
| 8 |
363.2 Ceph Storage Clusters |
| 12 |
364 Single Node High Availability |
| 2 |
364.1 Hardware and Resource High Availability |
| 2 |
364.2 Advanced RAID |
| 3 |
364.3 Advanced LVM |
| 5 |
364.4 Network High Availability |
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361 High Availability Cluster Management |
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351.1 Virtualization Concepts and Theory |
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Weight: 6 |
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Description: Candidates should understand the properties and design approaches of |
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high availability clusters. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Understand the goals of High Availability and Site Reliability Engineering |
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• Understand common cluster architectures |
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• Understand recovery and cluster reorganization mechanisms |
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• Design an appropriate cluster architecture for a given purpose |
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• Understand application aspects of high availability |
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• Understand operational considerations of high availability |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• Active/Passive Cluster |
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• Active/Active Cluster |
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• Failover Cluster |
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• Load Balanced Cluster |
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• Shared-Nothing Cluster |
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• Shared-Disk Cluster |
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• Cluster resources |
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• Cluster services |
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• Quorum |
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• Fencing (Node and Resource Level Fencing) |
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• Split brain |
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• Redundancy |
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• Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) |
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• Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) |
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• Service Level Agreement (SLA) |
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• Disaster Recovery |
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• State Handling |
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• Replication |
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• Session handling |
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361.2 Load Balanced Clusters |
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Weight: 8 |
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Description: Candidates should know how to install, configure, maintain and troubles- |
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hoot LVS. This includes the configuration and use of keepalived and ldirectord. Candi- |
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dates should further be able to install, configure, maintain and troubleshoot HAProxy. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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Understand the concepts of LVS / IPVS |
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• Understand the basics of VRRP |
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• Configure keepalived |
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• Configure ldirectord |
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• Configure backend server networking |
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• Understand HAProxy |
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• Configure HAProxy |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• ipvsadm |
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• syncd |
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• LVS Forwarding (NAT, Direct Routing, Tunneling, Local Node) |
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• connection scheduling algorithms |
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• keepalived configuration file |
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• ldirectord configuration file |
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• genhash |
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• HAProxy configuration file |
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• load balancing algorithms |
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• ACLs |
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361.3 Failover Clusters |
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Weight: 8 |
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Description: Candidates should have experience in the installation, configuration, |
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maintenance and troubleshooting of a Pacemaker cluster. This includes the use of |
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Corosync. The focus is on Pacemaker 2.x for Corosync 2.x. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Understand the architecture and components of Pacemaker (CIB, CRMd, PEngine, |
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LRMd, DC, STONITHd) |
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• Manage Pacemaker cluster configurations |
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• Understand Pacemaker resource classes (OCF, LSB, Systemd, Service, STONITH, |
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Nagios) |
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• Manage Pacermaker resources |
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• Manage resource rules and constraints (location, order, colocation). |
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• Manage advanced resource features (templates, groups, clone resources, mul- |
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ti-state resources) |
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• Obtain node information and manage node health |
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• Manage quorum and fencing in a Pacermaker cluster |
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• Configure the Split Brain Detector on shared storage |
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• Manage Pacemaker using pcs |
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• Manage Pacemaker using crmsh |
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• Configure and management of corosync in conjunction with Pacemaker |
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• Awareness of Pacemaker ACLs |
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• Awareness of other cluster engines (OpenAIS, Heartbeat, CMAN) |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• pcs |
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• crm |
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• crm_mon |
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• crm_verify |
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• crm_simulate |
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• crm_shadow |
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• crm_resource |
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crm_attribute |
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• crm_node |
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• crm_standby |
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• cibadmin |
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• corosync.conf |
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• authkey |
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• corosync-cfgtool |
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• corosync-cmapctl |
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• corosync-quorumtool |
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• stonith_admin |
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• stonith |
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• ocf:pacemaker:ping |
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• ocf:pacermaker:NodeUtilization |
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• ocf:pacermaker:ocf:SysInfo |
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ocf:pacemaker:HealthCPU |
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• ocf:pacemaker:HealthSMART |
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• sbd |
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362 High Availability Cluster Storage |
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362.1 DRBD |
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Weight: 6 |
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Description: Candidates are expected to have the experience and knowledge to ins- |
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tall, configure, maintain and troubleshoot DRBD devices. This includes integration with |
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Pacemaker. DRBD configuration of version 9.0.x is covered.. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Understand the DRBD architecture |
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• Understand DRBD resources, states and replication modes |
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• Configure DRBD disks and devices |
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• Configure DRBD networking connections and meshes |
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• Configure DRBD automatic recovery and error handling |
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• Configure DRBD quorum and handlers for split brain and fencing |
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• Manage DRBD using drbdadm |
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• Understand the principles of drbdsetup and drbdmeta |
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• Restore and verify the integrity of a DRBD device after an outage |
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• Integrate DRBD with Pacemaker |
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• Understand the architecture and features of LINSTOR |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• Protocol A, B and C |
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• Primary, Secondary |
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• Three-way replication |
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• drbd kernel module |
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• drbdadm |
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• drbdmon |
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• drbdsetup |
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• drbdmeta |
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• /etc/drbd.conf |
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• /etc/drbd.d/ |
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• /proc/drbd |
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362.2 Cluster Storage Access |
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Weight: 3 |
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Description: Candidates should be able to connect a Linux node to remote block |
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storage. This includes understanding common SAN technology and architectures, |
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including management of iSCSI, as well as configuring multipathing for high availability |
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and using LVM on a clustered storage. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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Understand the concepts of Storage Area Networks |
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• Understand the concepts of Fibre Channel, including Fibre Channel Toplogies |
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• Understand and manage iSCSI targets and initiators |
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• Understand and configure Device Mapper Multipath I/O (DM-MPIO) |
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• Understand the concept of a Distributed Lock Manager (DLM) |
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• Understand and manage clustered LVM |
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• Manage DLM and LVM with Pacemaker |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• tgtadm |
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• targets.conf |
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• iscsiadm |
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• iscsid.conf |
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• /etc/multipath.conf |
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• multipath |
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• kpartx |
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• pvmove |
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• vgchange |
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• lvchange |
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352.4 Container Orchestration Platforms |
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Weight: 4 |
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Description: Candidates should be able to install, maintain and troubleshoot GFS2 |
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and OCFS2 filesystems. This includes awareness of other clustered filesystems availa- |
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ble on Linux. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Understand the principles of cluster file systems and distributed file systems |
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Understand the Distributed Lock Manager |
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• Create, maintain and troubleshoot GFS2 file systems in a cluster |
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• Create, maintain and troubleshoot OCFS2 file systems in a cluster |
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• Awareness of the O2CB cluster stack |
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• Awareness of other commonly used clustered file systems, such as AFS and Lustre |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• mkfs.gfs2 |
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• mount.gfs2 |
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• fsck.gfs2 |
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• gfs2_grow |
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• gfs2_edit |
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• gfs2_jadd |
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• mkfs.ocfs2 |
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• mount.ocfs2 |
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• fsck.ocfs2 |
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• tunefs.ocfs2 |
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mounted.ocfs2 |
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• o2info |
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• o2image |
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363 High Availability Distributed Storage |
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363.1 GlusterFS Storage Clusters |
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Weight: 5 |
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Description: Candidates should be able to manage and maintain a GlusterFS storage |
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cluster. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Understand the architecture and components of GlusterFS |
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• Manage GlusterFS peers, trusted storage pools, bricks and volumes |
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• Mount and use an existing GlusterFS |
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• Configure high availability aspects of GlusterFS |
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• Scale up a GlusterFS cluster |
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Replace failed bricks |
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• Recover GlusterFS from a physical media failure |
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• Restore and verify the integrity of a GlusterFS cluster after an outage |
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• Awareness of GNFS |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• gluster (including relevant subcommands) |
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363.2 Ceph Storage Clusters |
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Weight: 8 |
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Description: Candidates should be able to manage and maintain a Ceph Cluster. This |
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includes the configuration of RGW, RDB devices and CephFS. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Understand the architecture and components of Ceph |
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• Manage OSD, MGR, MON and MDS |
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• Understand and manage placement groups and pools |
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• Understand storage backends (FileStore and BlueStore) |
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• Initialize a Ceph cluster |
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• Create and manage Rados Block Devices |
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• Create and manage CephFS volumes, including snapshots |
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• Mount and use an existing CephFS |
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• Understand and adjust CRUSH maps |
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Configure high availability aspects of Ceph |
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• Scale up a Ceph cluster |
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• Restore and verify the integrity of a Ceph cluster after an outage |
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• Understand key concepts of Ceph updates, including update order, tunables and |
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features |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• ceph-deploy (including relevant subcommands) |
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• ceph.conf |
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• ceph (including relevant subcommands) |
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• rados (including relevant subcommands) |
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• rdb (including relevant subcommands) |
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• cephfs (including relevant subcommands) |
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• ceph-volume (including relevant subcommands) |
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• ceph-authtool |
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• ceph-bluestore-tool |
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• crushtool |
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364 Single Node High Availability |
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364.1 Hardware and Resource High Availability |
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Weight: 2 |
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Description: Candidates should be able to monitor a local node for potential hard- |
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ware failures and resource shortages. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Understand and monitor S.M.A.R.T values using smartmontools, including triggering |
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frequent disk checks |
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• Configure system shutdown at specific UPC events |
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• Configure monit for alerts in case of resource exhaustion |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• smartctl |
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• /etc/smartd.conf |
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• smartd |
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• nvme-cli |
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apcupsd |
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• apctest |
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• monit |
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364.2 Advanced RAID |
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Weight: 2 |
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Description: Candidates should be able to manage software raid devices on Linux. |
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This includes advanced features such as partitionable RAIDs and RAID containers as |
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well as recovering RAID arrays after a failure. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Manage RAID devices using various raid levels, including hot spare discs, partitiona- |
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ble RAIDs and RAID containers |
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• Add and remove devices from an existing RAID |
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• Change the RAID level of an existing device |
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• Recover a RAID device after a failure |
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• Understand various metadata formats and RAID geometries |
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• Understand availability and performance properties of various raid levels |
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• Configure mdadm monitoring and reporting |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• mdadm |
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• /proc/mdstat |
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• /proc/sys/dev/raid/* |
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364.3 Advanced LVM |
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Weight: 3 |
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Description: Candidates should be able to configure LVM volumes. This includes ma- |
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naging LVM snapshot, pools and RAIDs. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Understand and manage LVM, including linear and striped volumes |
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• Extend, grow, shrink and move LVM volumes |
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• Understand and manage LVM snapshots |
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• Understand and manage LVM thin and thick pools |
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• Understand and manage LVM RAIDs |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• /etc/lvm/lvm.conf |
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• pvcreate |
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• pvdisplay |
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• pvmove |
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• pvremove |
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• pvresize |
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• vgcreate |
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• vgdisplay |
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• vgreduce |
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• lvconvert |
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• lvcreate |
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• lvdisplay |
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• lvextend |
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• lvreduce |
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lvresize |
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364.4 Network High Availability |
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Weight: 5 |
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Description: Candidates should be able to configure redundant networking connec- |
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tions and manage VLANs. Furthermore, candidates should have a basic understanding |
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of BGP. |
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Key Knowledge Areas: |
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• Understand and configure bonding network interface |
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• Network bond modes and algorithms (active-backup, blance-tlb, balance-alb, |
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802.3ad, balance-rr, balance-xor, broadcast) |
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• Configure switch configuration for high availability, including RSTP |
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• Configure VLANs on regular and bonded network interfaces |
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• Persist bonding and VLAN configuration |
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• Understand the principle of autonomous systems and BGP to manage external |
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redundant uplinks |
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• Awareness of traffic shaping and control capabilities of Linux |
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Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: |
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• bonding.ko (including relevant module options) |
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• /etc/network/interfaces |
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• /etc/sysconfig/networking-scripts/ifcfg-* |
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• /etc/systemd/network/*.network |
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• /etc/systemd/network/*.netdev |
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• nmcli |
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• /sys/class/net/bonding_masters |
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• /sys/class/net/bond*/bonding/miimon |
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• /sys/class/net/bond*/bonding/slaves |
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• ifenslave |
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• ip |
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