| LPIC3-306 Exam Syllabus 2021 | |
| WEIGHT | |
| 22 | 361 High Availability Cluster Management |
| 13 | 362 High Availability Cluster Storage |
| 13 | 363 High Availability Distributed Storage |
| 12 | 364 Single Node High Availability |
| 22 | 361 High Availability Cluster Management |
| 6 | 351.1 Virtualization Concepts and Theory |
| 8 | 361.2 Load Balanced Clusters |
| 8 | 361.3 Failover Clusters |
| 13 | 362 High Availability Cluster Storage |
| 6 | 362.1 DRBD |
| 3 | 362.2 Cluster Storage Access |
| 4 | 352.4 Container Orchestration Platforms |
| 13 | 363 High Availability Distributed Storage |
| 5 | 363.1 GlusterFS Storage Clusters |
| 8 | 363.2 Ceph Storage Clusters |
| 12 | 364 Single Node High Availability |
| 2 | 364.1 Hardware and Resource High Availability |
| 2 | 364.2 Advanced RAID |
| 3 | 364.3 Advanced LVM |
| 5 | 364.4 Network High Availability |
| 361 High Availability Cluster Management | |
| 351.1 Virtualization Concepts and Theory | |
| Weight: 6 | |
| Description: Candidates should understand the properties and design approaches of | |
| high availability clusters. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Understand the goals of High Availability and Site Reliability Engineering | |
| • Understand common cluster architectures | |
| • Understand recovery and cluster reorganization mechanisms | |
| • Design an appropriate cluster architecture for a given purpose | |
| • Understand application aspects of high availability | |
| • Understand operational considerations of high availability | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • Active/Passive Cluster | |
| • Active/Active Cluster | |
| • Failover Cluster | |
| • Load Balanced Cluster | |
| • Shared-Nothing Cluster | |
| • Shared-Disk Cluster | |
| • Cluster resources | |
| • Cluster services | |
| • Quorum | |
| • Fencing (Node and Resource Level Fencing) | |
| • Split brain | |
| • Redundancy | |
| • Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) | |
| • Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) | |
| • Service Level Agreement (SLA) | |
| • Disaster Recovery | |
| • State Handling | |
| • Replication | |
| • Session handling | |
| 361.2 Load Balanced Clusters | |
| Weight: 8 | |
| Description: Candidates should know how to install, configure, maintain and troubles- | |
| hoot LVS. This includes the configuration and use of keepalived and ldirectord. Candi- | |
| dates should further be able to install, configure, maintain and troubleshoot HAProxy. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| Understand the concepts of LVS / IPVS | |
| • Understand the basics of VRRP | |
| • Configure keepalived | |
| • Configure ldirectord | |
| • Configure backend server networking | |
| • Understand HAProxy | |
| • Configure HAProxy | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • ipvsadm | |
| • syncd | |
| • LVS Forwarding (NAT, Direct Routing, Tunneling, Local Node) | |
| • connection scheduling algorithms | |
| • keepalived configuration file | |
| • ldirectord configuration file | |
| • genhash | |
| • HAProxy configuration file | |
| • load balancing algorithms | |
| • ACLs | |
| 361.3 Failover Clusters | |
| Weight: 8 | |
| Description: Candidates should have experience in the installation, configuration, | |
| maintenance and troubleshooting of a Pacemaker cluster. This includes the use of | |
| Corosync. The focus is on Pacemaker 2.x for Corosync 2.x. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Understand the architecture and components of Pacemaker (CIB, CRMd, PEngine, | |
| LRMd, DC, STONITHd) | |
| • Manage Pacemaker cluster configurations | |
| • Understand Pacemaker resource classes (OCF, LSB, Systemd, Service, STONITH, | |
| Nagios) | |
| • Manage Pacermaker resources | |
| • Manage resource rules and constraints (location, order, colocation). | |
| • Manage advanced resource features (templates, groups, clone resources, mul- | |
| ti-state resources) | |
| • Obtain node information and manage node health | |
| • Manage quorum and fencing in a Pacermaker cluster | |
| • Configure the Split Brain Detector on shared storage | |
| • Manage Pacemaker using pcs | |
| • Manage Pacemaker using crmsh | |
| • Configure and management of corosync in conjunction with Pacemaker | |
| • Awareness of Pacemaker ACLs | |
| • Awareness of other cluster engines (OpenAIS, Heartbeat, CMAN) | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • pcs | |
| • crm | |
| • crm_mon | |
| • crm_verify | |
| • crm_simulate | |
| • crm_shadow | |
| • crm_resource | |
| crm_attribute | |
| • crm_node | |
| • crm_standby | |
| • cibadmin | |
| • corosync.conf | |
| • authkey | |
| • corosync-cfgtool | |
| • corosync-cmapctl | |
| • corosync-quorumtool | |
| • stonith_admin | |
| • stonith | |
| • ocf:pacemaker:ping | |
| • ocf:pacermaker:NodeUtilization | |
| • ocf:pacermaker:ocf:SysInfo | |
| ocf:pacemaker:HealthCPU | |
| • ocf:pacemaker:HealthSMART | |
| • sbd | |
| 362 High Availability Cluster Storage | |
| 362.1 DRBD | |
| Weight: 6 | |
| Description: Candidates are expected to have the experience and knowledge to ins- | |
| tall, configure, maintain and troubleshoot DRBD devices. This includes integration with | |
| Pacemaker. DRBD configuration of version 9.0.x is covered.. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Understand the DRBD architecture | |
| • Understand DRBD resources, states and replication modes | |
| • Configure DRBD disks and devices | |
| • Configure DRBD networking connections and meshes | |
| • Configure DRBD automatic recovery and error handling | |
| • Configure DRBD quorum and handlers for split brain and fencing | |
| • Manage DRBD using drbdadm | |
| • Understand the principles of drbdsetup and drbdmeta | |
| • Restore and verify the integrity of a DRBD device after an outage | |
| • Integrate DRBD with Pacemaker | |
| • Understand the architecture and features of LINSTOR | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • Protocol A, B and C | |
| • Primary, Secondary | |
| • Three-way replication | |
| • drbd kernel module | |
| • drbdadm | |
| • drbdmon | |
| • drbdsetup | |
| • drbdmeta | |
| • /etc/drbd.conf | |
| • /etc/drbd.d/ | |
| • /proc/drbd | |
| 362.2 Cluster Storage Access | |
| Weight: 3 | |
| Description: Candidates should be able to connect a Linux node to remote block | |
| storage. This includes understanding common SAN technology and architectures, | |
| including management of iSCSI, as well as configuring multipathing for high availability | |
| and using LVM on a clustered storage. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| Understand the concepts of Storage Area Networks | |
| • Understand the concepts of Fibre Channel, including Fibre Channel Toplogies | |
| • Understand and manage iSCSI targets and initiators | |
| • Understand and configure Device Mapper Multipath I/O (DM-MPIO) | |
| • Understand the concept of a Distributed Lock Manager (DLM) | |
| • Understand and manage clustered LVM | |
| • Manage DLM and LVM with Pacemaker | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • tgtadm | |
| • targets.conf | |
| • iscsiadm | |
| • iscsid.conf | |
| • /etc/multipath.conf | |
| • multipath | |
| • kpartx | |
| • pvmove | |
| • vgchange | |
| • lvchange | |
| 352.4 Container Orchestration Platforms | |
| Weight: 4 | |
| Description: Candidates should be able to install, maintain and troubleshoot GFS2 | |
| and OCFS2 filesystems. This includes awareness of other clustered filesystems availa- | |
| ble on Linux. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Understand the principles of cluster file systems and distributed file systems | |
| Understand the Distributed Lock Manager | |
| • Create, maintain and troubleshoot GFS2 file systems in a cluster | |
| • Create, maintain and troubleshoot OCFS2 file systems in a cluster | |
| • Awareness of the O2CB cluster stack | |
| • Awareness of other commonly used clustered file systems, such as AFS and Lustre | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • mkfs.gfs2 | |
| • mount.gfs2 | |
| • fsck.gfs2 | |
| • gfs2_grow | |
| • gfs2_edit | |
| • gfs2_jadd | |
| • mkfs.ocfs2 | |
| • mount.ocfs2 | |
| • fsck.ocfs2 | |
| • tunefs.ocfs2 | |
| mounted.ocfs2 | |
| • o2info | |
| • o2image | |
| 363 High Availability Distributed Storage | |
| 363.1 GlusterFS Storage Clusters | |
| Weight: 5 | |
| Description: Candidates should be able to manage and maintain a GlusterFS storage | |
| cluster. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Understand the architecture and components of GlusterFS | |
| • Manage GlusterFS peers, trusted storage pools, bricks and volumes | |
| • Mount and use an existing GlusterFS | |
| • Configure high availability aspects of GlusterFS | |
| • Scale up a GlusterFS cluster | |
| Replace failed bricks | |
| • Recover GlusterFS from a physical media failure | |
| • Restore and verify the integrity of a GlusterFS cluster after an outage | |
| • Awareness of GNFS | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • gluster (including relevant subcommands) | |
| 363.2 Ceph Storage Clusters | |
| Weight: 8 | |
| Description: Candidates should be able to manage and maintain a Ceph Cluster. This | |
| includes the configuration of RGW, RDB devices and CephFS. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Understand the architecture and components of Ceph | |
| • Manage OSD, MGR, MON and MDS | |
| • Understand and manage placement groups and pools | |
| • Understand storage backends (FileStore and BlueStore) | |
| • Initialize a Ceph cluster | |
| • Create and manage Rados Block Devices | |
| • Create and manage CephFS volumes, including snapshots | |
| • Mount and use an existing CephFS | |
| • Understand and adjust CRUSH maps | |
| Configure high availability aspects of Ceph | |
| • Scale up a Ceph cluster | |
| • Restore and verify the integrity of a Ceph cluster after an outage | |
| • Understand key concepts of Ceph updates, including update order, tunables and | |
| features | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • ceph-deploy (including relevant subcommands) | |
| • ceph.conf | |
| • ceph (including relevant subcommands) | |
| • rados (including relevant subcommands) | |
| • rdb (including relevant subcommands) | |
| • cephfs (including relevant subcommands) | |
| • ceph-volume (including relevant subcommands) | |
| • ceph-authtool | |
| • ceph-bluestore-tool | |
| • crushtool | |
| 364 Single Node High Availability | |
| 364.1 Hardware and Resource High Availability | |
| Weight: 2 | |
| Description: Candidates should be able to monitor a local node for potential hard- | |
| ware failures and resource shortages. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Understand and monitor S.M.A.R.T values using smartmontools, including triggering | |
| frequent disk checks | |
| • Configure system shutdown at specific UPC events | |
| • Configure monit for alerts in case of resource exhaustion | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • smartctl | |
| • /etc/smartd.conf | |
| • smartd | |
| • nvme-cli | |
| apcupsd | |
| • apctest | |
| • monit | |
| 364.2 Advanced RAID | |
| Weight: 2 | |
| Description: Candidates should be able to manage software raid devices on Linux. | |
| This includes advanced features such as partitionable RAIDs and RAID containers as | |
| well as recovering RAID arrays after a failure. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Manage RAID devices using various raid levels, including hot spare discs, partitiona- | |
| ble RAIDs and RAID containers | |
| • Add and remove devices from an existing RAID | |
| • Change the RAID level of an existing device | |
| • Recover a RAID device after a failure | |
| • Understand various metadata formats and RAID geometries | |
| • Understand availability and performance properties of various raid levels | |
| • Configure mdadm monitoring and reporting | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • mdadm | |
| • /proc/mdstat | |
| • /proc/sys/dev/raid/* | |
| 364.3 Advanced LVM | |
| Weight: 3 | |
| Description: Candidates should be able to configure LVM volumes. This includes ma- | |
| naging LVM snapshot, pools and RAIDs. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Understand and manage LVM, including linear and striped volumes | |
| • Extend, grow, shrink and move LVM volumes | |
| • Understand and manage LVM snapshots | |
| • Understand and manage LVM thin and thick pools | |
| • Understand and manage LVM RAIDs | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • /etc/lvm/lvm.conf | |
| • pvcreate | |
| • pvdisplay | |
| • pvmove | |
| • pvremove | |
| • pvresize | |
| • vgcreate | |
| • vgdisplay | |
| • vgreduce | |
| • lvconvert | |
| • lvcreate | |
| • lvdisplay | |
| • lvextend | |
| • lvreduce | |
| lvresize | |
| 364.4 Network High Availability | |
| Weight: 5 | |
| Description: Candidates should be able to configure redundant networking connec- | |
| tions and manage VLANs. Furthermore, candidates should have a basic understanding | |
| of BGP. | |
| Key Knowledge Areas: | |
| • Understand and configure bonding network interface | |
| • Network bond modes and algorithms (active-backup, blance-tlb, balance-alb, | |
| 802.3ad, balance-rr, balance-xor, broadcast) | |
| • Configure switch configuration for high availability, including RSTP | |
| • Configure VLANs on regular and bonded network interfaces | |
| • Persist bonding and VLAN configuration | |
| • Understand the principle of autonomous systems and BGP to manage external | |
| redundant uplinks | |
| • Awareness of traffic shaping and control capabilities of Linux | |
| Partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: | |
| • bonding.ko (including relevant module options) | |
| • /etc/network/interfaces | |
| • /etc/sysconfig/networking-scripts/ifcfg-* | |
| • /etc/systemd/network/*.network | |
| • /etc/systemd/network/*.netdev | |
| • nmcli | |
| • /sys/class/net/bonding_masters | |
| • /sys/class/net/bond*/bonding/miimon | |
| • /sys/class/net/bond*/bonding/slaves | |
| • ifenslave | |
| • ip | |